كلونازيبام
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ملف:Clonazepam.png | |
ملف:Clonazepam3d.png | |
كلونازيبام
| |
الاسم النظامي | |
5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-on | |
معرفات | |
رقم الكاس | |
كود إيه.تي.سي | [[ATC code {{{ATC prefix}}}|N03]] |
بوبكيم | |
بنك الأدوية | |
بيانات كيميائية | |
الصيغة | C15H10ClN3O3 |
الكتلة الجزيئية | 315.715 |
SMILES | & |
حرائك دوائية | |
التوافر البيولوجي | 90% |
ارتباط بروتيني | ~85% |
استقلاب دوائي | كبدي CYP3A4 |
عمر النصف | 18–50 hours |
الاطّراح | بولي |
اعتبارات علاجية | |
فئة السلامة أثناء الحمل | |
الحالة القانونية | |
طريق الإعطاء | فموي, عضلي, وريدي, sublingual |
كلونازيبام (بالإنجليزية: Clonazepam) هو عقار تنتجه شركة روش لعلاج بعض الاضطرابات النفسية والعصبية تحت الآسماء التجارية التالية:
- Klonopin
- Ravotril
- Rivotril
- Rivatril
دواعي الإستعمال
يصرف الكلونازيبام للحالات التالية:
- الصرع[١][٢]
- القلق
- اضطراب الهلع[٣]
- الهوس[٤][٥]
- Hyperekplexia[٦]
- Many forms of parasomnia are sometimes treated with clonazepam.[٧] Restless legs syndrome can be treated using clonazepam as a third line treatment option as the use of clonazepam is still investigational.[٨][٩] Bruxism also responds to clonazepam in the short-term.[١٠] Rapid eye movement behavior disorder responds well to low doses of clonazepam.[١١]
- التململ.[١٢][١٣]
توفر الدواء
الأعراض الجانبية
شائعة
- Drowsiness[١٤]
- Interference with cognitive and motor performance
- حدة الطبع والعدوانية[١٥]
- Psychomotor agitation[١٦]
- نقص الدوافع[١٧]
- فقدان الرغبة الجنسية
- Impaired motor function
- Impaired coordination
- Impaired balance
- الدوخة
- Cognitive impairments[١٨]
- الهلوسة[١٩]
- فقدان ذاكره قصير المدى[٢٠]
- Anterograde amnesia (common with higher doses)[٢١]
- Some users report hangover-like symptoms of being drowsy, having a headache, being sluggish, and being irritable after waking up if the medication is taken before sleep. This is likely the result of the medication's long half-life, which continues to affect the user after waking up.[٢٢][٢٣] While benzodiazepines induce sleep, they tend to produce a poorer quality sleep than natural sleep. Benzodiazepines such as clonazepam suppress REM deep sleep.[٢٤] After regular use rebound insomnia can occur when discontinuing clonazepam.[٢٥]
- من الممكن التسبب أو الزياده في أعراض الاكتئاب[٢٦]
أحيانا
- Serious dysphoria[٢٧]
- Thrombocytopenia[٢٨]
- آثار نفسانية ونفسية حادة[٢٩][٣٠]
- Induction of seizures[٣١][٣٢] or increased frequency of seizures[٣٣]
- تغيرات في الشخصية[٣٤]
- Behavioural disturbances[٣٥]
- Confusion[٢٦]
- Ataxia[٢٦]
نادرة
- الذهان[٣٦]
- سلس البول[٣٧][٣٨][٣٩]
- فشل الكبد[٤٠]
- Paradoxical behavioural disinhibition[٢٦][٤١] (most frequently in children, the elderly, and in persons with developmental disabilities)
- Rage
- Excitement
- Impulsivity
- Worsening of seizures
طويلة المدى
تشمل الآثار الجانبية طويلة المدى الاكتئاب والعجز الجنسي.[٤٢]
الانسحابية
- القلق, حدة الطبع, الأرق
- نوبات الهلع
- Seizures[٤٣] similar to delirium tremens (with long-term use of excessive doses)
التوازن والانسحابية
احتياطات خاصة
التفاعلات
الحمل
الصيدلانية
آلية التأثير
الحركة الدوائية
زيادة الجرعة
تظهر على الفرد الذي يستهلك الكثير من الكلونازيبام الأعراض التالية:
سوء استعمال الدواء
انظر أيضا
مراجع
- ^ Rossetti AO; Reichhart MD, Schaller MD, Despland PA, Bogousslavsky J (July 2004). "Propofol treatment of refractory status epilepticus: a study of 31 episodes". Epilepsia 45 (7): 757–63. doi: . PMID 15230698.
- ^ Ståhl Y, Persson A, Petters I, Rane A, Theorell K, Walson P (April 1983). "Kinetics of clonazepam in relation to electroencephalographic and clinical effects". Epilepsia 24 (2): 225–31. doi: . PMID 6403345.
- ^ Cloos, Jean-Marc (2005). "The Treatment of Panic Disorder". Curr Opin Psychiatry 18 (1): 45–50. PMID 16639183. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.
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- ^ Aronson, Jeffrey Kenneth (20 Nov 2008). Meyler's Side Effects of Psychiatric Drugs (Meylers Side Effects). Elsevier Science. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-444-53266-4.
- ^ Clonazepam Side Effects. Drugs.com
- (2010).
- ^ The interface of neurology internal medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Wiliams Wilkins. 1 September 2007. pp. 963. ISBN 978-0-7817-7906-7. [١].
- ^ The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology (Schatzberg, American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology). USA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.. 31 July 2009. p. 471. ISBN 978-1-58562-309-9. [٢].
- ^ Goswami, Meeta; R. Pandi-Perumal, S.; Thorpy, Michael J. (24 Mar 2010). Narcolepsy:: A Clinical Guide. Springer. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4419-0853-7. [٣].
- ^ Kelsey, Jeffrey E.; Newport, D. Jeffrey; Nemeroff, Charles B. (2006). Principles of psychopharmacology for mental health professionals. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Liss. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-471-25401-0. [٤].
- ^ Lee-chiong, Teofilo (24 April 2008). Sleep Medicine: Essentials and Review. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 463–465. ISBN 978-0-19-530659-0. [٥].
- ^ Trevor, Anthony J.; Katzung, Bertram G.; Masters, Susan B. (1 January 2008). Katzung Trevor's pharmacology: examination board review. New York: McGraw Hill Medical. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-07-148869-3. [٦].
- ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةRiss-2008
- ^ Sjö O; Hvidberg EF, Naestoft J, Lund M (4 April 1975). "Pharmacokinetics and side-effects of clonazepam and its 7-amino-metabolite in man". Eur J Clin Pharmacol 8 (3-4): 249–54. doi: . PMID 1233220.
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- ^ Williams A; Gillespie M (July 1979). "Clonazepam-induced incontinence". Ann Neurol 6 (1): 86. doi: . PMID 507767.
- ^ Sandyk R (August 13, 1983). "Urinary incontinence associated with clonazepam therapy". S Afr Med J 64 (7): 230. PMID 6879368.
- ^ Anders RJ; Wang E, Radhakrishnan J, Sharifi R, Lee M (October 1985). "Overflow urinary incontinence due to carbamazepine". J Urol 134 (4): 758–9. PMID 4032590.
- ^ Olsson R, Zettergren L (May 1988). "Anticonvulsant-induced liver damage". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 83 (5): 576–7. PMID 3364416.
- ^ van der Bijl P, Roelofse JA (1991). "Disinhibitory reactions to benzodiazepines: a review". J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 49 (5): 519–23. doi: . PMID 2019899.
- ^ Cohen LS, Rosenbaum JF (October 1987). "Clonazepam: new uses and potential problems". J Clin Psychiatry 48 Suppl: 50–6. PMID 2889724.
- ^ Lockard JS; Levy RH, Congdon WC, DuCharme LL, Salonen LD (December 1979). "Clonazepam in a focal-motor monkey model: efficacy, tolerance, toxicity, withdrawal, and management". Epilepsia 20 (6): 683–95. doi: . PMID 115680.
وصلات خارجية
مشاريع شقيقة | هناك المزيد من الصور والملفات في ويكيميديا كومنز حول: كلونازيبام |
- Carlos, Jean-Marc: The Treatment of Panic Disorder http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/497207
- Rx-List - Clonazepam
- Poisons Information Monograph - Clonazepam
- FDA prescription insert
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