صناعة المركبات

تشمل صناعة المركبات تصميم، تطوير، تصنيع، تسويق و بيع المركبات. و في عام 2007، تم تم إنتاج أكثر من 73 مليون مركبة حول العالم، بما فيها الشخصية و التجارية بأنواعها المختلفة مثل الحافلات، الشاحنات، سيارات الأجرة و عربات النقل . و في نفس العام، تم بيع 71.9 مليون مركبة جديدة حول العالم، منها 2.4 مليون في الشرق الأوسط.

و يوجد الآن حوالي 806 مليون مركبة حول العالم، تستهلك المركبات ما مقداره 260 مليار برميل من الوقود بنوعيه البنزين و الديزل كل عام.

أزمة صناعة السيارات

طالع أيضاً: أزمة صناعة السيارات الأمريكية

الإنتاج العالمي

ملف:Final assembly 2.jpg

خط تجميع سيارات لوتس النهائي.

ملف:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F038788-0020, Wolfsburg, VW Autowerk, Käfer.jpg

خط تجميع سيارات فلوكس فاغن في عام .1973

ملف:Hyundai car assembly line.jpg

خط تجميع في مصنع سيارات هيونداي موتور في كوريا الجنوبية.

طالع أيضاً: قائمة الدول حسب إنتاج المركبات

العلاقات بين الشركات

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

• Daimler AG holds a 19.9% stake in Chrysler LLC.
• The Renault-Nissan alliance involves two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE announced on January 6, 2009 that its stake in Volkswagen now exceeds 50%, making Volkswagen Group (and its associated marques) its subsidiary.
• The Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a 29% stake in MAN.
• Ford holds a 13.4% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston Martin.

• General Motors still holds a 3% stake in Suzuki. GM is currently in the process of selling the 3% stake back to Suzuki for $230 million [١]. Suzuki is also partner with GM in GMDAT and CAMI.
• Renault holds 20.5% of the voting stakes in Volvo Group.
• Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu hence having a controlling interest in the company, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.
• GM and Toyota have a joint venture in New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, an automobile plant in Fremont, California.
• Chrysler is currently engaged in negotiations with Fiat that would have Fiat take a 35% stake in Chrysler.
• General Motors and SAIC have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.
• Volkswagen Group and SAIC have a joint venture in Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive.

أكبر مصنعي المركبات (حسب الحجم)

طالع أيضاً: أكبر 20 شركة منتجة للمركبات

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by the latest production figures from OICA 2008 for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque.

الفئه	الدوله المنتجة	الملكيه	الأسواق
1. شركة تويوتا للسيارات (اليابان)
Daihatsu		Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Australia
Hino		Subsidiary	Asia Pacific, Canada and South America
Lexus		Division	Global
Scion		Division	North America
Toyota		Division	Global
2. شركة جنرال موتورز* (الولايات المتحدة)
Buick		Division	North America, China, Israel, Taiwan
Cadillac		Division	Global
Chevrolet		Division	Global
Daewoo		Subsidiary	Asia, Europe, South America, South Africa
GMC		Division	North America, Middle East
Holden		Subsidiary	Australia, New Zealand, Middle East
Hummer		Division	Global
Opel		Division	Europe (except UK), South Africa, China, Southeast Asia
Pontiac		Division	North America
Saab		Subsidiary	Global
Saturn		Subsidiary	North America, Taiwan, Japan
Vauxhall		Subsidiary	United Kingdom
3. شركة بورش القابضه للسيارات** (ألمانيا)
Audi		Subsidiary	Global
Bentley		Subsidiary	Global
Bugatti		Subsidiary	Global
Lamborghini		Subsidiary	Global
Porsche		Subsidiary	Global
Scania		Subsidiary	Global
SEAT		Subsidiary	Europe, Latin America, South Africa
Škoda		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Volkswagen		Subsidiary	Global
Volkswagen CV		Subsidiary	Global
4. شركة فورد*** (الولايات المتحدة)
Ford		Division	Global
Lincoln		Division	North America, Middle East
Mercury		Division	North America, Middle East
Troller		Subsidiary	South America and Africa
Volvo (cars)		Subsidiary	Global
5. شركة هوندا للسيارات (اليابان)
Acura		Division	North America, China, Russia
Honda		Division	Global
6. شركة نيسان موتورز (اليابان)
Infiniti		Division	North America, Middle East, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, Europe
Nissan		Division	Global
7. شركة بيجو سيتروين (فرنسا)
Citroën		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Peugeot		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
8. شركة هيونداي موتور**** (كوريا الجنوبية)
Hyundai		Division	Global
9. شركة سوزوكي للسيارات (اليابان)
Maruti Suzuki		Subsidiary	India, Middle East, South America
Suzuki		Division	Global
10. شركة فيات (إيطاليا)
Abarth		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Alfa Romeo		Subsidiary	Global
Ferrari		Subsidiary	Global
Fiat		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Fiat Professional		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Irisbus		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Iveco		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Lancia		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Maserati		Subsidiary	Global
11. مجموعة رينو (فرنسا)
Dacia		Subsidiary	Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa
Renault (cars)		Division	Global, except North America
Renault Samsung		Subsidiary	Asia, South America
12. دايملر كرايسلر (ألمانيا)
Freightliner		Subsidiary	North America, South Africa
Maybach		Division	Global
Mercedes-AMG		Division	Global
Mercedes-Benz		Division	Global
Mitsubishi Fuso		Subsidiary	Global
Orion		Subsidiary	North America
Setra		Subsidiary	Europe
Smart		Division	North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, South Africa
Thomas Built		Subsidiary	North America
Western Star		Subsidiary	North America
13. مجموعه كرايسلر (الولايات المتحدة)
Chrysler		Division	Global
Dodge		Division	Global
GEM		Division	North America
Jeep		Division	Global
14. شركة بي إم دبليو (ألمانيا)
BMW		Division	Global
MINI		Division	Global
Rolls-Royce		Subsidiary	Global
15. شركة كيا للسيارات**** (كوريا الجنوبية)
Kia		Division	Global, except Middle East and Africa
16. شركة مازدا للسيارات (اليابان)
Mazda		Division	Global
17. شركة ميتسوبيشي موتورز (اليابان)
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation		Division	Global
18. أوتوفاز (روسيا)
Lada		Division	Russia, Europe
VAZ		Division	Russia, Eastern Europe
19. تاتا موتورز المحدوده (الهند)
Daimler		Subsidiary	United Kingdom
Hispano		Subsidiary	Europe
Jaguar		Subsidiary	Global
Land Rover		Subsidiary	Global
Tata		Division	India, South Africa
Tata Daewoo		Subsidiary	South Korea
20. First Automotive Group Corporation (الصين)
Besturn		Division	China
Freewind		Subsidiary	China
Haima		Subsidiary	China
Hongqi		Division	China
Jiaxing		Subsidiary	China
Vita		Subsidiary	China
Xiali		Subsidiary	China

ملاحظات؛ * General Motors is in the process of selling Hummer to Sichuan Tengzhong, Saab to Spyker, and eliminating Pontiac and Saturn.

** Porsche is listed as parent company of Volkswagen Group. This is only the case since January 2009, when Porsche acquired more than 50% of the shares of Volkswagen.

*** Ford is looking to sell Volvo.

**** Hyundai Kia Automotive Group owns only a minority stake in Kia Motors.

العلاقات بين الشركات

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. Only relationships within the Top 20 are mentioned here.

• Daimler AG holds a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors Limited.
• Fiat S.p.A. will hold a 20% stake in Chrysler LLC, as part of the 'Chrysler Plan'. When Chrysler has paid back all government loans, Fiat's stake will increase into a majority stake, effectively making Chrysler and its marques subsidiaries of Fiat.
• Ford Motor Company holds a 13.4% stake in Mazda Motor Corporation.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE announced on January 6, 2009 that they own 50.76% of Volkswagen Group, making the Volkswagen Group and all its marques subsidiaries.
• Renault S.A.-Nissan Motor Company alliance involves two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault S.A. holding 44.3% of Nissan Motor Company shares, and Nissan Motor Company holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault S.A. shares.
• Renault S.A. holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ.
• Toyota Motor Corporation holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, making it a subsidiary.
• Toyota Motor Corporation holds a 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, the parent company of Subaru.
• Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), making Scania a subsidiary of Porsche Automobil Holding SE, since the Volkswagen Group itself is a subsidiary of Porsche Holding.

انظر أيضا

• أزمة صناعة السيارات الأمريكية
• هندسة الهوية

وصلات خارجية

• Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
• Automotive engineering learning website
• Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
• Automotive Industry Analysis
• All vehicle manufacturers in the world (in Dutch with English etc. translation)
• Car makes of the world, 1894—present
• Automotive history and photos
• Automaker Rankings 2007: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies

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