What are the Differences between Diesel and Gasoline Engines
The Horrors Of Gasoline
"Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines."-Wikipedia.
-The term petrol is used in most commenwealth countries, and former commonwealth countries with the exception of canada.The term petrol is abbreviated from petroleum spirit.
Gasoline is a term commonly used in North America. Most commonly reffered to as gas thanks to Americans common need to shorten words and talk faster.Suprisingly enough liquifide petroleum gas is pressured to become a liquid, returning to a gas before combustion.-Wikipedia.Gas also evaporates at a suprising rate. However it is not the gasoline that evaporates, but the mixture of isopropyl and butyl alcohols.Because as we all know, pure alcohol will evaporate.-http://www.epa.gov/
Conducting a test to see just how quickly alcohol will evaporate, I took rubbin alcohol and spread a thin layer of it on my hands.The layer evaporated in seconds.So when pouring gasoline into your car from a storage vessel, screw the cap on tight.
-Six basic tank designs are used for organic liquid storage vessels: fixed roof (vertical andhorizontal), external floating roof, domed external (or covered) floating roof, internal floating roof,variable vapor space, and pressure (low and high).
Fixed roof tanks-
This type of tank consists of acylindrical steel shell with a permanently affixed roof, which may vary in design from cone- or domeshapedto flat. Losses from fixed roof tanks are caused by changes in temperature, pressure, and liquidlevel.Fixed roof tanks are either freely vented or equipped with a pressure/vacuum vent. The latterallows the tanks to operate at a slight internal pressure or vacuum to prevent the release of vapors duringvery small changes in temperature, pressure, or liquid level. Of current tank designs, the fixed roof tank isthe least expensive to construct and is generally considered the minimum acceptable equipment forstoring organic liquids.
Eternal floating roof tanks-
typical external floating roof tank (EFRT) consists of an open- topped cylindrical steel shellequipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. The floating roof consists of a deck,fittings, and rim seal system. Floating decks that are currently in use are constructed of welded steel plateand are of two general types: pontoon or double-deck.With all types of external floatingroof tanks, the roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. External floating decks are equippedwith a rim seal system, which is attached to the deck perimeter and contacts the tank wall. The purpose ofthe floating roof and rim seal system is to reduce evaporative loss of the stored liquid. Some annularspace remains between the seal system and the tank wall. The seal system slides against the tank wall asthe roof is raised and lowered. The floating deck is also equipped with fittings that penetrate the deck andserve operational functions. The external floating roof design is such that evaporative losses from thestored liquid are limited to losses from the rim seal system and deck fittings (standing storage loss) andany exposed liquid on the tank walls (withdrawal loss).
International Floating roof tank-
An internal floating roof tank (IFRT) has both a permanent fixed roof and a floating roof inside.There are two basic types of internal floating roof tanks: tanks in which the fixed roof is supported byvertical columns within the tank, and tanks with a self-supporting fixed roof and no internal supportcolumns. Fixed roof tanks that have been retrofitted to use a floating roof are typically of the first type.External floating roof tanks that have been converted to internal floating roof tanks typically have a selfsupportingroof. Newly constructed internal floating roof tanks may be of either type. The deck in internalfloating roof tanks rises and falls with the liquid level and either floats directly on the liquid surface(contact deck) or rests on pontoons several inches above the liquid surface (noncontact deck). Themajority of aluminum internal floating roofs currently in service have noncontact decks.Contact decks can be (1) aluminum sandwich panels that are bolted together, with a honeycombaluminum core floating in contact with the liquid; (2) pan steel decks floating in contact with the liquid,with or without pontoons; and (3) resin-coated, fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP), buoyant panelsfloating in contact with the liquid. The majority of internal contact floating decks currently in service arealuminum sandwich panel-type or pan steel-type. The FRP decks are less common. The panels of pansteel decks are usually welded together.Noncontact decks are the most common type currently in use. Typical noncontact decks areconstructed of an aluminum deck and an aluminum grid framework supported above the liquid surface bytubular aluminum pontoons or some other buoyant structure. Installing a floating roof minimizes evaporative losses of the stored liquid. Both contact andnoncontact decks incorporate rim seals and deck fittings for the same purposes previously described forexternal floating roof tanks. Evaporative losses from floating roofs may come from deck fittings,nonwelded deck seams, and the annular space between the deck and tank wall. In addition, these tanks arefreely vented by circulation vents at the top of the fixed roof. The vents minimize the possibility oforganic vapor accumulation in the tank vapor space in concentrations approaching the flammable range.An internal floating roof tank not freely vented is considered a pressure tank.
Domed External Floating Roof Tank-
Domed external (or covered) floating roof tanks have the heavier type of deck used in externalfloating roof tanks as well as a fixed roof at the top of the shell like internal floating roof tanks. Domedexternal floating roof tanks usually result from retrofitting an external floating roof tank with a fixed roof.This type of tank is very similar to an internal floating roof tank with a welded deck and a self supportingfixed roof.As with the internal floating roof tanks, the function of the fixed roof is not to act as a vaporbarrier, but to block the wind. The type of fixed roof most commonly used is a self supporting aluminumdome roof, which is of bolted construction. Like the internal floating roof tanks, these tanks are freelyvented by circulation vents at the top of the fixed roof. The deck fittings and rim seals, however, areidentical to those on external floating roof tanks. In the event that the floating deck is replaced with thelighter IFRT-type deck, the tank would then be considered an internal floating roof tank.
Variable Vapor Space Tank-
Variable vapor space tanks are equipped with expandable vapor reservoirs to accommodate vaporvolume fluctuations attributable to temperature and barometric pressure changes. Although variable vaporspace tanks are sometimes used independently, they are normally connected to the vapor spaces of one ormore fixed roof tanks. The two most common types of variable vapor space tanks are lifter roof tanks andflexible diaphragm tanks.Lifter roof tanks have a telescoping roof that fits loosely around the outside of the main tank wall.The space between the roof and the wall is closed by either a wet seal, which is a trough filled with liquid,or a dry seal, which uses a flexible coated fabric.Flexible diaphragm tanks use flexible membranes to provide expandable volume. They may beeither separate gasholder units or integral units mounted atop fixed roof tanks.Variable vapor space tank losses occur during tank filling when vapor is displaced by liquid. Lossof vapor occurs only when the tank's vapor storage capacity is exceeded.
Pressure Tanks-
Two classes of pressure tanks are in general use: low pressure (2.5 to 15 psig) and high pressure(higher than 15 psig). Pressure tanks generally are used for storing organic liquids and gases with highvapor pressures and are found in many sizes and shapes, depending on the operating pressure of the tank.Pressure tanks are equipped with a pressure/vacuum vent that is set to prevent venting loss from boilingand breathing loss from daily temperature or barometric pressure changes. High-pressure storage tankscan be operated so that virtually no evaporative or working losses occur. In low-pressure tanks, working7.1-4 EMISSION FACTORS 11/06losses can occur with atmospheric venting of the tank during filling operations. No appropriatecorrelations are available to estimate vapor losses from pressure tanks.-http://www.epa.gov/
All six designs have atleast one flaw.Resulting in a release of air born chemicals into our ozone.Contributing to pollution, and as some would say, global warming.All and all, we lose much gas just transporting it.We add the standing storage losses to the working losses plus and minus many other factors. Viola, the math to be had lets us know how much gasoline has evaporated into our air.
-Before internal-combustion engines were invented in the mid 19th century, gasoline was sold in small bottles as a treatment against lice and their eggs. At that time, the word Petrol was a trade name. This treatment method is no longer common, because of the inherent fire hazard and the risk of dermatitis.
In the U.S., gasoline was also sold as a cleaning fluid to remove grease stains from clothing. Before dedicated filling stations were established, early motorists would buy gasoline in cans to fill their tanks.
The name gasoline is similar to that of other petroleum products of the day, most notably petroleum jelly, a highly purified heavy distillate, which was branded Vaseline. The trademark Gasoline, however, was never registered, and thus became generic.
Gasoline was also used in kitchen ranges and for lighting, and is still available in a highly purified form, known as camping fuel or white gas, for use in lanterns and portable stoves.-Wikipedia
-Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources (such as vegetable oils), which can be used in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. It is thus distinguished from the straight vegetable oils (SVO) or waste vegetable oils (WVO) used as fuels in some diesel vehicles.In this article's context, biodiesel refers to alkyl esters made from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic, and typically produces about 60% less net carbon dioxide emissions than petroleum-based diesel,[1] as it is itself produced from atmospheric carbon dioxide via photosynthesis in plants.Pure biodiesel is available at many gas stations in Germany.Some vehicle manufacturers are positive about the use of biodiesel, citing lower engine wear as one of the benefits of this fuel.However, as biodiesel is a better solvent than standard diesel, it 'cleans' the engine, removing deposits in the fuel lines, and this may cause blockages in the fuel injectors.For this reason, car manufacturers recommend that the fuel filter is changed a few months after switching to biodiesel (this part is often replaced anyway in regular servicing. Most manufacturers release lists of the cars which will run on 100% biodiesel.).-Wikipedia
BioDiesle can be made from All kinds of oils.Note, fast food resturants often have friers in the store directly.After a few weeks the oils in the frier gets dumped out.Fast food resturants have to pay to have the oils disposed of, and they do not go to proper use.High schoolers in this area of Fredericksburg, VA, have taken to disposing of the oils for these fast food resturants.Mixing the oils with lye and running their cars on it.Saving money and keeping their engine clean.Makeing sure enviromentaly we remain safe.
Because these oils are not compressed gasses, all that is needed to store the fuel is a lye resistant container.transesterified biodiesel comprises a mix of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids.The most common form uses methanol to produce methyl esters as it is the cheapest alcohol available, though ethanol can be used to produce an ethyl ester biodiesel and higher alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol have also been used.Using alcohols of higher molecular weights improves the cold flow properties of the resulting ester, at the cost of a less efficient transesterification reaction.After this processing, unlike straight vegetable oil, biodiesel has combustion properties very similar to those of petroleum diesel, and can replace it in most current uses.
-Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853 by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, many years before the first diesel engine became functional.Rudolf Diesel's prime model, a single 10 ft (3 m) iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in Augsburg, Germany, on August 10, 1893.In remembrance of this event, August 10 has been declared "International Biodiesel Day". Diesel later demonstrated his engine and received the Grand Prix (highest prize) at the World Fair in Paris, France in 1900.This engine stood as an example of Diesel's vision because it was powered by peanut oil a biofuel, though not biodiesel, since it was not transesterified. He believed that the utilization of biomass fuel was the real future of his engine.In a 1912 speech Diesel said, "the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today but such oils may become, in the course of time, as important as petroleum and the coal-tar products of the present time."
During the 1920s, diesel engine manufacturers altered their engines to utilize the lower viscosity of petrodiesel (a fossil fuel), rather than vegetable oil (a biomass fuel).The petroleum industries were able to make inroads in fuel markets because their fuel was much cheaper to produce than the biomass alternatives. The result, for many years, was a near elimination of the biomass fuel production infrastructure.Only recently have environmental impact concerns and a decreasing the price differential made biomass fuels such as biodiesel a growing alternative.
Benefits:Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by approximately 50% and carbon dioxide by 78% on a net lifecycle basis because the carbon in biodiesel emissions is recycled from carbon that was in the atmosphere, rather than the carbon introduced from petroleum that was sequestered in the earth's crust. However, it does produce more NOx emissions than standard diesel fuel. (Sheehan, 1998)Biodiesel contains fewer aromatic hydrocarbons: benzofluoranthene: 56% reduction; Benzopyrenes: 71% reduction.[citation needed]Biodiesel can reduce by as much as 20% the direct (tailpipe) emission of particulates, small particles of solid combustion products, on vehicles with particulate filters, compared with low-sulfur (t be so outrageous.
