Brake Fluid is Low
When thebrake fluidis low in your vehicle, it is usually for one of two reasons: You may have neglected to check and correct your brake fluid level for a long time, or a part in the hydraulic system has developed a leak. Whatever the case, it is important to make a preliminary inspection that could help you spot a potential problem in the system. This guide will give you a brief explanation of the brake hydraulic system in your vehicle, tell you what parts you need to inspect in the system and what to look for.The brake hydraulic systemThe brakes in your vehicle use ahydraulic systemto work. Brake fluid helps to transmit pressure from the brake pedal to the brake mechanism in each wheel. To run properly, though, the hydraulic system should be free of air and other impurities. That's why a warning switch, usually on your brake master cylinder, will alert you before the brake fluid reaches a level that could allow air to enter the system if not corrected on time. If you ignore the brake fluid low light on your dashboard when it comes on, it can lead to problems with your brake system and compromise your safety on the road.Checking the brake master cylinderWhen the low fluid light comes on, one of the first places to check is around the brake master cylinder. If you pop the hood of your car and look under it, you'll find the master cylinder mounted on the brake booster, a drum-like component attached to the driver's side of the firewall. The master cylinder is a metal cylinder with a reservoir container on top and four metal lines connected to it.The master cylinder can develop external or internal fluid leaks after miles of service. External leaks usually show up as darkened, wet areas between the cylinder and the firewall. However, if you've noticed the brake pedal slowly dropping to the floor as you apply the brakes, it could be an indication of an internal leak.Checking lines and hosesAfter checking yourbrake master cylinder, make a visual inspection of the brake lines and hoses. Brake lines connect the brake master cylinder to the calipers on brake discs-front wheels or all four wheels, depending on your vehicle model-and wheel cylinders on brake drums on rear wheels. Usually, rubber hoses connect the brake lines and wheel components to avoid potential damage due to vibration. Trace each brake line, starting at the master cylinder, all the way down to each wheel. Look for signs of line or hose damage and deterioration. You might need to use your fingers to confirm fluid leakage around lines or hoses.Checking calipers and wheel cylindersIf you look closely, you'll notice that the brake hoses connects to a caliper-brake discs-or wheel cylinder-drum brakes. Remove each tire and wheel assembly to make a close inspection of these components. Brake calipers are fitted with a cylinder and piston to push against the brake pads when the brakes are applied. The piston's rubber boot and cylinder may develop leaks over time due to wear or damage. Check for wet spots around these areas.Just like calipers, pistons and other internal components inwheel cylindersmay develop internal leaks due to wear or damage. Look for wet areas around the brake assembly. Also, pull back the rubber boots on each side of the wheel cylinder to check for signs of fluid leaks.If you find any signs of leakage, repair or replace the necessary components as soon as possible. Checking the brake fluid level and condition every week can help you spot potential problems before they turn into expensive repairs and dangerous situations on the road. Usually, brake fluid should be about 1/4th of an inch (6 mm) bellow the top of the reservoir or between the MAX and MIN marks on the container. If necessary, consult your car owner's manual.
